Get paid for what you built: 10 AI skills for selling up or handing it on

tupe-on-sale

the staff duty that comes with selling a business

How the two work together

Claude thinks it through. Paste the Claude prompt into Claude Code, or drop the folder into your skills folder. Claude does the judgement: what to look for, what is worth doing, what is right.

Codex gets it done. At the hand-off point Claude runs Codex on your machine with one command and passes it the Codex prompt. Codex does the mechanical part and hands the result back. Claude checks it before you see it.

No API key to set up: Claude calls the Codex you already have installed. If Codex is not installed, Claude does that half itself and tells you.

Prompt for Claude

---
name: tupe-on-sale
description: Turns your planned sale into a written staff file your solicitor can work from: a determination of whether the sale is a relevant transfer at all, the named list of employees assigned to what is being sold, a dated employee liability information pack in the form regulation 11 requires, a dated information and consultation timetable, a record of who the appropriate representatives are or whether the small employer route applies, and a gap list. Use when you have a buyer in view, or a target completion date, and you employ anybody at all.
---

# A written staff file for your sale, with every date fixed, every name on a list and every gap named before the buyer's solicitor finds it

You give this your target completion date, what exactly is being sold, your payroll and your staff records. You get back the determination of whether the sale is a relevant transfer under the 2006 Regulations, the list of who is assigned to what is being sold and why, the employee liability information pack dated against the fourteen day currency rule and the twenty eight day deadline, a consultation timetable with real dates on it, a record of who you must inform and how, and a numbered list of what is missing. It will not write your consultation letters as finished documents to send, and it will not tell you whether you can dismiss anybody. Those two things are where the money is lost, they turn on facts no document holds, and they belong to your employment solicitor.

## What it does

1. **Decide first whether what you are selling is a relevant transfer at all, and write the answer down with the reason.** Regulation 3(1)(a) covers "a transfer of an undertaking, business or part of an undertaking or business situated immediately before the transfer in the United Kingdom to another person where there is a transfer of an economic entity which retains its identity", and regulation 3(2) defines that entity as "an organised grouping of resources which has the objective of pursuing an economic activity, whether or not that activity is central or ancillary". Selling the assets, the goodwill, the lease and the trade of a restaurant is that. Selling the shares in the company that runs the restaurant is not, because the employer has not changed and every contract stays exactly where it was. Regulation 3(1)(b) adds the service provision change, which catches an owner who hands a cleaning, delivery or kitchen contract to somebody else, and regulation 3(2A) requires the activities afterwards to be "fundamentally the same as the activities carried out by the person who has ceased to carry them out". Write which limb applies, or write that none does. Every step after this one depends on that single answer, and an owner who gets it wrong does either nothing when a duty existed or a great deal of work that was never needed.

2. **List every person assigned to the grouping that is being sold, and say for each one why they are on the list or off it.** Regulation 4(1) transfers the contract of any person "employed by the transferor and assigned to the organised grouping of resources or employees that is subject to the relevant transfer", and regulation 4(3) fixes the moment as those so employed "immediately before the transfer, or who would have been so employed if he had not been dismissed in the circumstances described in regulation 7(1)". Assignment is not the same as helping out. Build one row per person: name, job title, the site or grouping they work in, hours, the percentage of their time spent on what is being sold, and a one line reason for the decision. The people who cost owners money are the ones in the middle: the bookkeeper who does two sites, the chef who covers a second kitchen on Sundays, the agency cover nobody thinks of as staff. Do this before you build the information pack, because the pack is only as good as the list it runs from.

3. **Record what travels with each person, which is everything, including things you thought had gone away.** Regulation 4(2)(a) transfers "all the transferor's rights, powers, duties and liabilities under or in connection with any such contract", and 4(2)(b) is the one owners do not expect: "any act or omission before the transfer is completed, of or in relation to the transferor in respect of that contract or a person assigned to that organised grouping of resources or employees, shall be deemed to have been an act or omission of or in relation to the transferee". The unpaid holiday, the grievance you closed informally, the pay rise you promised verbally in March, the disciplinary that was never written up: all of it becomes the buyer's, which is precisely why the buyer's solicitor will price it. Record continuous service dates, contractual terms as they actually operate rather than as the handbook describes them, outstanding holiday, any pension obligation, and any live or threatened claim. This file is the honest version, and it is for you and your advisers first.

4. **Write down the objection position and the material detriment position, without inviting either.** Regulation 4(7) means the contract does not transfer for an employee "who informs the transferor or the transferee that he objects to becoming employed by the transferee", and regulation 4(8) is blunt about the result: the transfer "shall operate so as to terminate his contract of employment with the transferor but he shall not be treated, for any purpose, as having been dismissed by the transferor". Separately, regulation 4(9) lets an employee whose transfer "involves or would involve a substantial change in working conditions to the material detriment" of that person treat the contract as terminated and be treated as dismissed. Record, per person, any known objection, and record any change the buyer has already told you they intend to make to hours, site, duties or pay. Do not ask staff whether they intend to object and do not suggest the route to anybody. Recording a fact is preparation. Prompting an answer is a conversation you cannot take back, and it belongs to a named adviser.

5. **Mark the dismissal boundary in the file and then stop at it.** Regulation 7(1) provides that an employee is "to be treated for the purposes of Part 10 of the 1996 Act (unfair dismissal) as unfairly dismissed if the sole or principal reason for the dismissal is the transfer". Regulation 7(2) carves out the case where the reason is "an economic, technical or organisational reason entailing changes in the workforce of either the transferor or the transferee before or after a relevant transfer", and regulation 7(3A) records that "changes in the workforce" includes "a change to the place where employees are employed". That is the whole of what this file says about dismissal. The skill records any dismissal already made or already proposed, with its date and its stated reason, and flags it for the solicitor. It does not assess whether a reason qualifies, it does not draft anything, and it never suggests that trimming the payroll before completion will make the business easier to sell. That suggestion is how an owner converts a sale into a tribunal claim that the buyer inherits under regulation 4(2)(b).

6. **Build the employee liability information pack in the shape regulation 11 lists, and put two dates on it.** Regulation 11(1) requires the seller to notify the buyer of the employee liability information "in writing" or "by making it available to him in a readily accessible form", and regulation 11(2) sets out exactly what it is: the identity and age of the employee; the particulars of employment required by section 1 of the Employment Rights Act 1996; disciplinary action taken against an employee and grievances raised by an employee within the previous two years; any court or tribunal case, claim or action brought within the previous two years or which the seller has reasonable grounds to believe may be brought against the buyer; and any collective agreement that will have effect after the transfer. Two dates govern it. Regulation 11(3): the information "shall contain information as at a specified date not more than fourteen days before the date on which the information is notified". Regulation 11(6): it must be given "not less than 28 days before the relevant transfer". Regulation 11(5) then requires written notification of any change. Work backwards from your completion date and put both dates in the timetable now, because a pack assembled in good time and dated eighteen days before it is sent breaches 11(3) while looking complete. Note separately that this legal duty is not permission to send a buyer your whole staff file or your customer database. The Information Commissioner's Office code says that where a change in organisational structure means you must transfer data to another controller, "you must consider data sharing as part of the due diligence you carry out", and requires you to "establish what data you are transferring", "establish your lawful basis for sharing the data" and "document the data sharing". Regulation 11 tells you what you owe. The ICO code governs everything beyond it.

7. **Fix who the appropriate representatives are, or record that the small employer route applies, using the wording that is in force today.** Regulation 13A applies where, at the time information is due under regulation 13(2), "at least one of the following conditions is satisfied (i) the employer employs fewer than 50 employees; (ii) there are fewer than 10 transferring employees", there are no appropriate representatives within regulation 13(3), and the employer "has not invited any of the affected employees to elect employee representatives". Where it applies, regulation 13A(2) lets the employer comply "as if each of the affected employees were an appropriate representative", which for most independent venues means talking to the staff directly rather than running an election. Read the current wording carefully: the figure of ten now sits on the number of transferring employees, defined in 13A(1A) as those "who are to be (or are likely to be) transferred", and the figure of fifty sits on the size of the business. The heading was substituted with effect from 1 January 2024 by SI 2023/1426. Any adviser, template or online skill still telling you that the direct route is for employers with fewer than ten employees is quoting text that was superseded more than two years ago, and it will send a thirty cover restaurant into an election it did not need.

8. **Lay the information and consultation duty onto a dated timetable, and price the failure in weeks rather than pounds.** Regulation 13(2) requires the employer of affected employees to inform the appropriate representatives of the fact of the transfer, its date or proposed date and the reasons for it; the legal, economic and social implications for affected employees; the measures the employer envisages taking in relation to them, or that no measures are envisaged; and the measures the buyer envisages. Regulation 13(2A) adds "suitable information relating to the use of agency workers", their number, where they work and the type of work they do, which is the line most hospitality sellers miss entirely. Where measures are envisaged, regulation 13(6) turns information into consultation "with a view to seeking their agreement to the intended measures". The duty is to inform long enough before the transfer to allow consultation, not on a fixed number of days, so the timetable must show your own working. Regulation 13(9) preserves a narrow relief where "special circumstances" make a duty not reasonably practicable, and it still requires "all such steps towards performing that duty as are reasonably practicable", so it is a reason to record, never a reason to skip. The cost of getting it wrong is set by regulation 16(3), "such sum not exceeding thirteen weeks' pay for the employee in question as the tribunal considers just and equitable", with a week's pay calculated under sections 220 to 228 of the Employment Rights Act 1996 by regulation 16(4). State that formula in the file against your own headcount. Never state a cash total, because the figure depends on each person's actual pay and is your accountant's calculation, not this document's.

9. **Hand the assembled facts to Codex and let it build the files, count the rows and write the gap list.** Claude hands over the assignment list, the payroll extract, the staff record fields, the completion date, the owner's determination from step 1, the representative decision from step 7 and the dates already fixed. Run it from the folder holding those inputs:

   ```
   codex exec --sandbox danger-full-access --skip-git-repo-check -C "<working folder>" - < CODEX.md
   ```

   What comes back is the determination note, the assignment register, the employee liability information pack with its specified date and its send deadline computed from the completion date, the consultation timetable, the representatives record, and gaps.md. Codex counts and records. It makes no judgement, and any field you did not supply becomes a numbered row in the gap list rather than a plausible looking entry. Read the gap list first, before anything else in the output.

10. **Check every deadline against the real completion date, then send the whole file to your employment solicitor or HR adviser.** Take the completion date from the heads of terms, subtract twenty eight days for the regulation 11 notification, and mark the latest date the specified date in the pack can bear under the fourteen day rule. Then note the enforcement clocks, so that nobody treats completion as the end: under regulation 12 the buyer may complain to an employment tribunal about a regulation 11 failure "before the end of the period of three months beginning with the date of the relevant transfer", with compensation that "shall be not less than GBP 500 per employee in respect of whom the transferor has failed to comply", and under regulation 15(12) a complaint about the information and consultation duty runs for three months from the date the transfer is completed, with the buyer jointly and severally liable with the seller under regulation 15(9) in the circumstances set out there. Date the file, list who has read it, and hand it over. This is the point where a named professional takes it forward and you stop.

## Then it checks

1. The file states which limb of regulation 3 applies, or states that none does, and names the facts it relied on, and no later step contradicts that determination.
2. Every person on the payroll appears exactly once in the assignment register with an assigned or not assigned decision and a written reason, and the count of assigned people matches the count of people in the employee liability information pack.
3. The employee liability information pack carries a specified date that is not more than fourteen days before its planned send date, and that planned send date is not less than twenty eight days before the stated completion date.
4. Every one of the five categories in regulation 11(2) has either an entry or an explicit nil entry for every assigned person, and no category is silently absent.
5. The file records either the names of the appropriate representatives, or a regulation 13A determination that quotes the current wording with both the fewer than 50 employees condition and the fewer than 10 transferring employees condition and states which one is satisfied.
6. The consultation timetable carries real calendar dates worked backwards from the completion date, covers all four limbs of regulation 13(2) plus the agency worker information in 13(2A), and states whether measures are envisaged and therefore whether the regulation 13(6) consultation duty is engaged.

Any check fails: name it, redo that step once. Failed twice: say what is wrong and stop.

## Rules
- Public information only.
- Never invent a fact, a number or a quote.
- Anything sent in someone's name says whose name it is.
- Never state an EBITDA multiple, a turnover multiple, a price per cover or any other valuation benchmark for a single independent UK hospitality business. No published figure exists. Every number in circulation comes from business transfer agents and brokers paid a percentage of the sale, or from firms selling a valuation product. An owner who believes a high borrowed multiple refuses the one fair offer they get and goes back to market looking stale; an owner who believes a low one accepts the first offer and never learns there were two other buyers. Either way somebody else's sales tool made the decision.
- Never draft the consultation letters, the election notice or the staff announcement as finished documents to send. The skill produces the timetable, the content list from regulation 13(2) and 13(2A), and the gap list. What is actually said to staff, and when, is written with the owner's HR adviser or employment solicitor, because a sentence sent to a whole team cannot be withdrawn.
- Never advise on a dismissal, never assess whether a reason is an economic, technical or organisational reason entailing changes in the workforce, and never suggest reducing headcount before completion. Record what has happened or is proposed, with dates, and flag it.
- Never quote the superseded regulation 13A wording. The condition changed with effect from 1 January 2024 and the figure of ten now attaches to transferring employees, not to the size of the business. Any source still saying "fewer than 10 employees" on its own is out of date and must not be relied on.
- Never state a cash total for a protective award or a regulation 12 award. State the formula: up to thirteen weeks' pay per affected employee under regulation 16(3), a week's pay calculated under sections 220 to 228 of the Employment Rights Act 1996, and a floor of GBP 500 per employee under regulation 12. The owner's accountant applies it to the owner's own payroll.
- Never send personal data to a buyer on the strength of the regulation 11 duty alone. Regulation 11 sets the minimum that must be handed over. Anything beyond it, including customer lists and full staff files, is a separate data sharing decision under the ICO code and is recorded as such.
- This output is a working document prepared for the owner's own solicitor, accountant and HR adviser or employment solicitor to check before it is relied on or sent to a buyer. It applies published rules to facts the owner supplied. It is not legal advice, it is not tax advice, it is not a valuation, and it is not a ruling that the sale complies with the Regulations.

## Built from
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 3, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/3, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 21 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the relevant transfer determination in step 1.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 4, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/4, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the assignment test in step 2, the transfer of liabilities in step 3, and objection and material detriment in step 4.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 7, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/7, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the dismissal boundary in step 5.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 11, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/11, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the content of the employee liability information pack and both dates in step 6.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 12, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/12, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the three month complaint window and the GBP 500 per employee floor in step 10.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 13, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/13, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 22 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the four categories of information, the agency worker information and the consultation trigger in step 8.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 13A, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/13A, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 21 September 2026 and carries a textual amendment note recording that words in the heading were substituted with effect from 1 January 2024 by SI 2023/1426, read 23 September 2026: the small employer route and the current two condition wording in step 7.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 15, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/15, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 19 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the three month time limit and joint and several liability in step 10.
- The Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, SI 2006/246, regulation 16, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/16, page states it is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 19 September 2026, read 23 September 2026: the thirteen weeks' pay formula and the sections 220 to 228 calculation in step 8.
- Information Commissioner's Office, "Due diligence when sharing data following mergers and acquisitions", part of the statutory Data sharing: a code of practice, https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/data-sharing/data-sharing-a-code-of-practice/due-diligence/, no publication date shown on the page, read 23 September 2026: the separation between the regulation 11 duty and any wider disclosure of personal data, in step 6 and in the Rules.

Prompt for Codex

# tupe-on-sale

## You are given
The sale itself: the target completion date, and a plain description of exactly what is being sold, whether that is the assets, goodwill, lease and trade of the business, or the shares in the company, or a contract being handed to a new operator. The owner's or their solicitor's determination of which limb of regulation 3 applies, stated as regulation 3(1)(a) transfer of an undertaking, regulation 3(1)(b) service provision change, or not a relevant transfer, together with the reason relied on. The payroll and staff records: every current employee, job title, site or grouping, contracted hours and the percentage of their time spent on what is being sold. The owner's or solicitor's assignment decision for every one of those people, assigned or not assigned, with a written reason for each. What travels with each assigned person: continuous service start date, outstanding holiday, any pension obligation, contractual terms as they actually operate, and any known or threatened tribunal claim, disciplinary action or grievance within the previous two years. Any known objection to the transfer, and any change to hours, site, duties or pay that the buyer has already told the owner they intend to make, per person. Any dismissal already made or already proposed, with its date and its stated reason. The representative position: either the names of elected or existing appropriate representatives, or the owner's or solicitor's determination that the regulation 13A small employer route applies, stated against both of its conditions. Every judgement call, including which limb of regulation 3 applies, who is assigned, whether to dismiss anybody, and which representative route applies, has already been made by the owner or their solicitor and is supplied to you. None of it is yours to make, revisit or second guess.

## Produce
Write into a `./tupe-on-sale-output/` folder:

1. `determination.md` recording, on separate lines and nothing else: what is being sold, copied verbatim from the input; the limb of regulation 3 relied on, stated as exactly one of `regulation 3(1)(a) transfer of an undertaking`, `regulation 3(1)(b) service provision change`, or `not a relevant transfer`; the reason supplied for that conclusion, verbatim; who reached the determination, the owner's name or the named solicitor; and the date the determination was made. Every line names the supplied input it came from.
2. `assignment-register.csv` with these columns in this order: `employee_ref`, `job_title`, `site_or_grouping`, `contracted_hours_per_week`, `percent_time_on_sold_grouping`, `assigned`, `assignment_reason_verbatim`, `decided_by`. `employee_ref` is E001 upward and carries no employee name. `assigned` is exactly `yes` or `no`. Every row with an empty `assignment_reason_verbatim` is a row in `gaps.md`. The count of rows where `assigned` is `yes` is the assigned employee count carried into every later file.
3. `liabilities-and-continuity.csv` with columns: `employee_ref`, `continuous_service_start_date`, `outstanding_holiday_days`, `pension_obligation_verbatim`, `contractual_terms_as_operated_verbatim`, `known_or_threatened_claim_verbatim`, `evidence_supplied`. One row per person marked `assigned` `yes` in `assignment-register.csv`. `evidence_supplied` is `yes` or `no`. Any field supplied blank is recorded as `not supplied` and counted in `gaps.md`.
4. `objection-and-material-detriment.csv` with columns: `employee_ref`, `known_objection`, `objection_date`, `buyer_notified_change_verbatim`, `change_category`, `material_detriment_flagged_by_owner`, `source`. `known_objection` is exactly `yes`, `no` or `not known`. `change_category` is exactly one of `hours`, `site`, `duties`, `pay`, `none supplied`. `material_detriment_flagged_by_owner` is `yes` or `no`, copied from the owner's own flag, never inferred.
5. `dismissal-record.csv` with columns: `employee_ref`, `status`, `date`, `stated_reason_verbatim`, `flagged_for_solicitor`. `status` is exactly `already dismissed` or `proposed`. One row for every dismissal supplied, and no row where none was supplied. `flagged_for_solicitor` is always `yes`.
6. `employee-liability-information.csv` with columns: `employee_ref`, `identity_and_age`, `section_1_particulars`, `disciplinary_and_grievance_last_two_years`, `tribunal_case_claim_or_action`, `collective_agreement`, `specified_date`, `notification_date`, `days_between_specified_and_notification`, `specified_date_meets_14_day_rule`, `notification_date_meets_28_day_rule`, `completeness`. One row per person marked `assigned` `yes`. Each of the five category columns is exactly `supplied`, `none` or `not stated`, matching regulation 11(2)(a) to (e) in that order. `specified_date` is the date the owner states the information is accurate as at. `notification_date` is the planned send date. `days_between_specified_and_notification` is the second date minus the first. `specified_date_meets_14_day_rule` is `yes` where that count is 14 or fewer, otherwise `no`. `notification_date_meets_28_day_rule` is computed by subtracting `notification_date` from the completion date supplied in `determination.md`'s inputs: `yes` where the result is 28 or more, otherwise `no`. `completeness` is `complete` where no category column reads `not stated`, otherwise `incomplete`. Every `not stated` cell and every `no` in either day rule column is a row in `gaps.md`.
7. `consultation-timetable.csv` with columns: `item_ref`, `regulation_13_2_limb`, `description_verbatim`, `information_supplied`, `planned_information_date`, `measures_envisaged`, `consultation_required`, `planned_consultation_start_date`, `planned_consultation_end_date`, `days_before_completion`. `item_ref` is I001 upward. `regulation_13_2_limb` is exactly one of `13(2)(a) fact date and reasons`, `13(2)(b) legal economic and social implications`, `13(2)(c) measures envisaged by transferor`, `13(2)(d) measures envisaged by transferee`, `13(2A) agency worker information`. One row for each of these five limbs, always, whether or not the owner supplied content for it. `information_supplied` is `yes` or `no`. `measures_envisaged` is `yes`, `no` or `not applicable` and is only answered `yes` or `no` on the two measures rows. `consultation_required` is `yes` only where the matching `measures_envisaged` cell reads `yes`, and is `not applicable` on the other three rows. `days_before_completion` is `planned_information_date` subtracted from the completion date. Any row where `information_supplied` is `no`, or where `days_before_completion` is empty or zero or negative, is a row in `gaps.md`.
8. `representatives-record.md` recording, on separate lines: whether named appropriate representatives exist, `yes` or `no`; if `yes`, each representative's role reference and how they came to hold it, copied verbatim, with no employee full name; if `no`, the regulation 13A determination, quoting both conditions in full as supplied, `the employer employs fewer than 50 employees` and `there are fewer than 10 transferring employees`, and stating which one is satisfied, both, or neither; and the source of the determination, the owner's name or the named solicitor. If neither regulation 13A condition is satisfied and no representatives are named, record that as a gap rather than proceeding as if the small employer route applied.
9. `gaps.md`, a numbered list, each item naming the file and row it belongs to, what is missing, and the person or record it concerns. It covers: every `assignment-register.csv` row with no reason; every `not supplied` field in `liabilities-and-continuity.csv`; every `employee-liability-information.csv` category reading `not stated` and every row failing either day rule; every `consultation-timetable.csv` row with `information_supplied` reading `no` or with an empty, zero or negative `days_before_completion`; every dismissal in `dismissal-record.csv`, listed again here as a standing flag for the solicitor rather than a defect; and the `representatives-record.md` gap described above where it arises. End the file with the total item count on its own line.

## Rules
- Codex sorts, counts, computes dates and records what it is given. It never decides which limb of regulation 3 applies, never decides who is assigned, never decides a representative route, and never decides whether to dismiss anybody. All of those were supplied.
- Never draft the consultation letters, the election notice or the staff announcement as finished documents ready to send. Produce the timetable, the content list drawn from regulation 13(2) and 13(2A), and the gap list only. What is actually said to staff is written with the owner's HR adviser or employment solicitor.
- Never advise on a dismissal, never assess whether a stated reason is an economic, technical or organisational reason entailing changes in the workforce, and never suggest that reducing headcount before completion would help. Record the date and the stated reason, and flag it for the solicitor, in every case.
- Never quote the superseded regulation 13A wording. The condition in force today ties the fewer than 10 figure to transferring employees, defined as those who are to be or are likely to be transferred, not to the employer's total headcount. Any input text saying "fewer than 10 employees" on its own, with no reference to transferring employees, is recorded verbatim in `gaps.md` as a possibly superseded figure rather than relied on.
- Never state a cash total for a protective award or a regulation 12 award. Where a figure of that kind is supplied, record it verbatim in `gaps.md` as a borrowed figure with no calculation shown, and state the formula only: up to thirteen weeks' pay per affected employee under regulation 16(3), a week's pay calculated under sections 220 to 228 of the Employment Rights Act 1996, and a floor of GBP 500 per employee under regulation 12(5).
- Never send personal data beyond what regulation 11(2) requires. Do not create any file, column or note that would let a customer list, a full staff file or any data outside the five regulation 11(2) categories travel alongside this output. Where the input includes such extra data, leave it out of every produced file and note its existence in `gaps.md` only as an item for the owner's own data sharing decision under the ICO code.
- Never place an employee's full name, date of birth, national insurance number, home address or bank detail in any output file. Every file uses `employee_ref` only. The key linking a reference to a person stays with the owner.
- Never carry a fact, a date or a reason forward from one file into another without it appearing in the supplied inputs for that file. A figure computed from a supplied date, such as a day count, is not new information and may be calculated; a fact not supplied is never inferred.
- Use British English, GBP written as `GBP` or the pound sign, and DD Month YYYY dates throughout in every prose file. Date columns in CSV files use YYYY-MM-DD for sortability. No em dash characters in any file you write. Any supplied text containing one is recorded verbatim and flagged in `gaps.md`.
- Every quoted reason, description and regulation wording is copied exactly as supplied, including its punctuation and capitalisation.
- Every file ends with this line: this is a working document prepared for the owner's own solicitor, accountant and HR adviser or employment solicitor to check before it is relied on or sent to a buyer. It applies published rules to facts the owner supplied. It is not legal advice, it is not tax advice, it is not a valuation, and it is not a ruling that the sale complies with the Regulations.

## Return
The absolute path of every file written. The row count of every CSV. The relevant transfer determination recorded in `determination.md`, stated in full. The count of employees in `assignment-register.csv` marked `assigned` `yes`, and the count marked `no`. Whether `liabilities-and-continuity.csv` and `employee-liability-information.csv` carry one row for every assigned employee, or the shortfall if not. Whether every row of `employee-liability-information.csv` meets both the 14 day specified date rule and the 28 day notification rule, and the count of rows that fail each one. Whether all five rows of `consultation-timetable.csv` show `information_supplied` `yes`, and which do not. Whether the regulation 13A conditions are met in `representatives-record.md`, and which of the two, or whether named representatives are recorded instead. The count of dismissals recorded in `dismissal-record.csv`, stated as a count and flagged for the solicitor, never assessed. The `gaps.md` total item count from its last line.

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Sources for tupe-on-sale

Everything below was opened and read on 23 September 2026. Nothing is cited that could not be loaded.

1. Regulation 3

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/3, up to date with changes in force on or before 21 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

Regulation 3 is the fork step 1 turns into a written determination. Regulation 3(1)(a): "a transfer of an undertaking, business or part of an undertaking or business situated immediately before the transfer in the United Kingdom to another person where there is a transfer of an economic entity which retains its identity", with 3(2) defining that entity as "an organised grouping of resources which has the objective of pursuing an economic activity, whether or not that activity is central or ancillary". Regulation 3(1)(b), the service provision change: "activities cease to be carried out by a person (a client) on his own behalf and are carried out instead by another person on the client's behalf (a contractor)". Regulation 3(2A), inserted from 31 January 2014, requires the activities afterwards to be "fundamentally the same as the activities carried out by the person who has ceased to carry them out".

A sale of the assets, goodwill, lease and trade of a restaurant is 3(1)(a). A sale of the shares in the owning company is neither limb, because the employer never changes, which is why step 1 allows "not a relevant transfer" as a real answer. A kitchen or cleaning contract changing hands is 3(1)(b).

Where the skill departs: regulation 3 also covers public administrative functions, irrelevant here, and the case law gloss on "retains its identity" is not summarised; that judgement belongs to the owner's solicitor.

2. Regulation 4

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/4, up to date with changes in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

Regulation 4(1) carries the contract across: it "shall not operate so as to terminate the contract of employment of any person employed by the transferor and assigned to the organised grouping of resources or employees that is subject to the relevant transfer". Regulation 4(2)(a) transfers "all the transferor's rights, powers, duties and liabilities under or in connection with any such contract". Regulation 4(2)(b) is the one that catches owners out: "any act or omission before the transfer is completed, of or in relation to the transferor in respect of that contract or a person assigned to that organised grouping of resources or employees, shall be deemed to have been an act or omission of or in relation to the transferee." Regulation 4(3) fixes the population as those employed immediately before the transfer, "or who would have been so employed if he had not been dismissed in the circumstances described in regulation 7(1)".

Regulation 4(7) and 4(8) supply the objection route step 4 records but never prompts: an employee who "informs the transferor or the transferee that he objects to becoming employed by the transferee" does not transfer, and the transfer "operate[s] so as to terminate his contract of employment with the transferor but he shall not be treated, for any purpose, as having been dismissed". Regulation 4(9) is the separate material detriment route, for "a substantial change in working conditions to the material detriment" of the employee, letting them treat the contract as terminated and be treated as dismissed. The two routes read alike and land in opposite places, which is why step 4 records facts and stops.

Where the skill departs: regulation 4(4) to (5B), on harmonising terms after transfer for an ETO reason, is a live drafting question for the buyer's contracts and is not summarised.

3. Regulation 7

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/7, up to date with changes in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

Regulation 7(1): a dismissed employee "is to be treated for the purposes of Part 10 of the 1996 Act (unfair dismissal) as unfairly dismissed if the sole or principal reason for the dismissal is the transfer." Regulation 7(2) carves out the one defence, an "economic, technical or organisational reason entailing changes in the workforce", the ETO reason. Regulation 7(3A), substituted from 31 January 2014, extends "changes in the workforce" to include "a change to the place where employees are employed".

The skill uses exactly these three provisions because whether a stated reason genuinely is an ETO reason is the most litigated TUPE question and turns on facts no staff file holds. Step 5 records the date and the stated reason and stops.

Where the skill departs: regulation 7(4) to (7), on how an ETO dismissal interacts with ordinary unfair dismissal and redundancy consultation, is a live legal question for whoever carries out or defends a dismissal, and the skill never advises on or assesses one.

4. Regulation 11

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/11, up to date with changes in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

This shapes the employee liability information pack in step 6. Regulation 11(1): the transferor "shall notify to the transferee the employee liability information... in writing; or by making it available to him in a readily accessible form." Regulation 11(2) lists five categories: (a) "the identity and age of the employee"; (b) "those particulars of employment that an employer is obliged to give... pursuant to section 1 of the 1996 Act"; (c) disciplinary action against, and grievances raised by, an employee "within the previous two years"; (d) any court or tribunal case "brought by an employee against the transferor, within the previous two years" or one the transferor "has reasonable grounds to believe... an employee may bring against the transferee"; (e) any collective agreement "which will have effect after the transfer". These are the five columns `employee-liability-information.csv` carries.

The two dates: regulation 11(3), the information "shall contain information as at a specified date not more than fourteen days before the date on which the information is notified"; regulation 11(5), a duty to notify "any change"; and regulation 11(6). The legislation.gov.uk page renders 11(6)'s amendment note inline with the current text, which needs unpicking: the sub-paragraph originally required "not less than fourteen days" before the transfer and was amended, with effect from 31 January 2014, to "not less than 28 days before the relevant transfer or, if special circumstances make this not reasonably practicable, as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter." The 28 day figure the skill relies on is the current, post-2014 figure; a source still quoting fourteen days for this deadline is over a decade out of date.

Where the skill departs: regulation 11(4), letting the parties agree a different way or time for particular categories, is negotiated between solicitors and is not assumed into the timetable; the file records the statutory default and leaves any agreed variation to be supplied as a fact.

5. Regulation 12

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/12, up to date with changes in force on or before 23 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

Regulation 12(1) lets the transferee "present a complaint to an employment tribunal that the transferor has failed to comply with any provision of regulation 11." Regulation 12(2)(a) sets the window, "before the end of the period of three months beginning with the date of the relevant transfer". Regulation 12(4) points the tribunal to a "just and equitable" figure having regard to actual loss, but 12(5) sets a floor under it: "the amount of compensation... shall be not less than GBP 500 per employee in respect of whom the transferor has failed to comply with a provision of regulation 11." That floor is the figure the skill states as a formula and refuses to total, because the actual award depends on an assessment of loss above it.

Where the skill departs: 12(6)'s mitigation duty and 12(7)'s conciliation provisions are machinery for a claim already brought, outside a document meant to prevent one arising.

6. Regulation 13

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/13, up to date with changes in force on or before 22 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

Regulation 13(2) requires the employer, "long enough before a relevant transfer to enable... consult[ation]", to inform representatives of four things: the fact of the transfer, its date and reasons; the legal, economic and social implications; the measures the employer envisages, or that none are envisaged; and the measures the transferee envisages. Regulation 13(2A), added from 1 October 2011, adds "suitable information relating to the use of agency workers", their number, where they work and the type of work. Regulation 13(6) converts information into consultation: measures envisaged means the employer "shall consult the appropriate representatives... with a view to seeking their agreement". Regulation 13(9) is the narrow "special circumstances" relief, which still requires "all such steps towards performing that duty as are reasonably practicable".

These four limbs plus agency worker information are the fixed rows `consultation-timetable.csv` always carries, whether or not the owner supplied content, so a missing limb shows as an empty row rather than an absent one.

Where the skill departs: regulation 13(3) to (5), the machinery for choosing appropriate representatives where 13A does not apply, is only summarised to the extent 13A cross-refers to it; running an election is a process step for the owner's HR adviser, not a document this skill drafts.

7. Regulation 13A

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/13A, up to date with changes in force on or before 21 September 2026, carrying a textual amendment note that words in the heading were substituted with effect from 1 January 2024 by SI 2023/1426, read 23 September 2026.

This is the provision the brief flags as commonly misquoted, so it was read in full rather than taken from a summary. Regulation 13A(1): the regulation applies if, when information is due under 13(2), "at least one of the following conditions is satisfied, (i) the employer employs fewer than 50 employees; (ii) there are fewer than 10 transferring employees", there are "no appropriate representatives within the meaning of regulation 13(3)", and "the employer has not invited any of the affected employees to elect employee representatives." Regulation 13A(1A) defines the second condition: "'transferring employees' means the employees who work for the transferor and who are to be (or are likely to be) transferred to the transferee's employment under a relevant transfer." Regulation 13A(2): the employer "may comply with regulation 13 by performing any duty which relates to appropriate representatives as if each of the affected employees were an appropriate representative."

Three things follow. The fewer than 10 figure attaches to transferring employees, not total headcount, so a fifteen person restaurant selling a two person kiosk can still qualify on that limb. The two conditions in 13A(1)(a) are alternatives, "at least one", so an employer with sixty staff but only eight transferring still qualifies. Both remaining conditions, no existing representatives and no election invited, must also hold.

One further fact changes nothing about today's position but is worth recording honestly. SI 2023/1426 itself was checked directly at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/1426/made, read 23 September 2026. Its regulation 9 makes the 13A amendments; its regulation 8(1) is a transitional provision: "The amendments made by regulation 9 apply in relation to a TUPE transfer which takes place on or after 1st July 2024." So the amending instrument came into force 1 January 2024, but the amended wording only governs transfers on or after 1 July 2024. Today is 23 September 2026, so every transfer this skill will ever run against falls after 1 July 2024, and the current wording above is the only wording that can apply. Both dates, 1 January 2024 and 1 July 2024, are real and correct for different questions, which is exactly how conflicting secondary sources arise.

Where the skill departs: the skill does not reconstruct the pre-2024 wording in full beyond flagging that "fewer than 10 employees" with no reference to transferring employees is out of date; restating the old test risks it being copied as current.

8. Regulation 15

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/15, up to date with changes in force on or before 19 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

Regulation 15(9) fixes joint liability: "The transferee shall be jointly and severally liable with the transferor in respect of compensation payable under sub-paragraph (8)(a) or paragraph (11)." Regulation 15(12) sets a three month window running from "the date on which the relevant transfer is completed", with the same "not reasonably practicable" extension the other time limits carry. Joint liability matters because a buyer's solicitor has every reason to check the consultation history actually happened, since a tribunal finding after completion can be enforced against either party.

Where the skill departs: regulation 15(1) to (8), on who may bring a complaint and on failures by representatives themselves, is the machinery behind the complaint the skill helps an owner avoid, not content the timetable restates.

9. Regulation 16

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/246/regulation/16, up to date with changes in force on or before 19 September 2026, read 23 September 2026.

Regulation 16(3) defines "appropriate compensation" as "such sum not exceeding thirteen weeks' pay for the employee in question as the tribunal considers just and equitable having regard to the seriousness of the failure". Regulation 16(4) ties a week's pay to "sections 220 to 228" of the Employment Rights Act 1996, with the calculation date depending on the circumstances. The skill states the ceiling and the source of a week's pay without multiplying it out, because the actual figure depends on each employee's pay, which is the owner's payroll and the owner's accountant's calculation.

Where the skill departs: regulation 16(1) and 16(2), on section 205(1) and appeals to the Employment Appeal Tribunal, are procedural provisions for a claim already under way and are not restated.

10. Information Commissioner's Office, due diligence when sharing data following mergers and acquisitions

https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/data-sharing/data-sharing-a-code-of-practice/due-diligence/, part of the statutory Data sharing code of practice, no publication date shown on the page, a notice states the guidance is under review to reflect the Data (Use and Access) Act, read 23 September 2026.

This is the source behind step 6's and the Rules' point that regulation 11 is a floor, not a licence. The code instructs an organisation to "establish what data you are transferring", to "identify the purposes for which the data was originally obtained", then to "establish your lawful basis for sharing the data", to "ensure you comply with the data processing principles, especially lawfulness, fairness and transparency", and to "document the data sharing". After completion it requires the organisation to "check that the data records are accurate and up to date", "adhere to a consistent retention policy" and "ensure appropriate security is in place", and separately to "consider when and how you will inform data subjects about what is happening" to their data.

Regulation 11 fixes the minimum an outgoing employer must hand over, five defined categories, on a dated timetable. Nothing in TUPE authorises sending anything wider, such as a full staff file or a customer database, on the strength of that duty alone. Where an owner wants to share more, that is a separate decision governed by this code, with its own lawful basis and documentation, which is why CODEX.md's Rules keep it out of every produced file.

Where the skill departs: the code covers data sharing due diligence across mergers and acquisitions generally, far beyond employment records; the skill takes only the discipline that applies to any data sharing decision and applies it narrowly to the regulation 11 boundary, leaving wider data sharing agreements and anonymisation guidance to whoever in the deal actually proposes to share data beyond regulation 11.

The best public prompt found

The clearest public artefact for a TUPE-on-sale template aimed at a small employer is CIPD's HR-inform hub page "Managing TUPE", https://www.hr-inform.co.uk/templates-and-tools/managing-tupe, confirmed by WebSearch to exist and to be described by CIPD as a set of TUPE guidance notes and letter templates including notification of intention to elect employee representatives. The page sits behind a membership login, so its templates could not be opened and read, and nothing behind that login is quoted here. A second artefact, "TUPE notification of intention to elect employee representatives letter" at https://hrtemplates.co.uk/template.cfm/item/326/tupe-notification-of-intention-to-elect-employee-representatives-letter, was found the same way and is also a paid listing that was not opened.

What the open search results do allow is a check on the exact point this brief asked to be checked: whether public commentary states the post-2024 regulation 13A wording correctly. The results were mixed, and the mix matches the finding in source 7 rather than contradicting it. One law firm summary described the exemption as applying to "a micro-business (a business with less than 50 employees), or the transfer involves fewer than 10 employees", without the word "transferring", which reads ambiguously enough to be misread as the superseded total-headcount test. Actons Solicitors correctly anchored the second limb to "the rules that took effect on July 1, 2024" and to transfers, matching the transitional provision confirmed directly against SI 2023/1426 in source 7. Neither is treated as authoritative here; both show that the ambiguity this skill's step 7 and Rules warn against is visible in real public commentary today, not a hypothetical risk.

No AI-oriented public prompt, skill file or GitHub template purpose-built for a TUPE-on-business-sale staff file was found. The closest adjacent material, a Sparqa "TUPE transfer toolkit for incoming employer" surfaced by search, resolves to a raw document API endpoint rather than a readable page, so it was not opened and nothing from it is quoted. What can honestly be reported is that every public template found is written for a solicitor or HR professional operating the process by hand: none separates the relevant transfer determination from the paperwork the way step 1 does, and none enforces the fourteen day and twenty eight day arithmetic in regulation 11(3) and 11(6) as computed fields rather than as prose to remember.

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